Byron’s “The Island”: Dialogism of Genre and Gender


Abstract

Often dubbed as a romance, a Polynesian fantasy, The Island is one of Byron's finest examples of Romantic dialogism, prefiguring the indeterminate nature of modern literature. However, Byron scholars have shied away from a serious reading of this poem due to its slippery and supposedly “un”-Byronic quality. Written concurrently with Don Juan, The Island enjoys much of Byron’s poetic maturity and social concern with the liberal/radical individualism, represented by Christian Fletcher and anti-social existence of his fellow mutineers. The paper will argue that in this poem, the cultural, political, and gender/genre dialectics of binary oppositions are playfully deconstructed and that Byron, by overriding the femininity of the romance genre and transgressing the "politically correct" master narrative of the imperial discourse, anticipates in The Island Bakhtin’s chronotope through the title of the poem, the overlapping of history and fiction; and the opposition between the narrative and the genre. Hoodwinked with the romance formal trappings and entangled with Byron’s polyphonic voices critics have undervalued The Island as one of the mature poems of Byron, which actualizes Hume’s fear of the romance genre’s threat of subverting the power politics of gender/genre/race, in an attempt to project possibilities of a new social order.

Authors

May Maalouf

DOI

Keywords

References

  1. Bakhtin, Michael. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin,TX: Texas University Press.
  2. Barron, W.R.J. (1987). English Medieval Romance. New York: Longman.
  3. Beatty, Bernard. (1988). ‘Fictions limits and Eden’s door.’ Byron and the Limits of Fiction. Eds. Bernard Beatty and Vincent Newey. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 1-38 (2009). ‘Inhabiting island: Byron and Shelley little difference.’ Byron and the Imaginary Isles of Imagination: A Romantic Chart. Eds. Alistair Heys and Vitana Kostadinova. Plovdiv: Contexts. 88-106.
  4. Blackstone, Bernard. (1975). Lord Byron: A Survey. London: Longmans. (1962). The Lost Travellers. London: Longmans.
  5. Bygrave, Stephen (ed.) (2004). Romantic Writings. Arab Open University.
  6. Curran, Stuart. (1986). Poetic Form and British Romanticism. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press.
  7. Eskin, Michael. (2000). ‘Bakhtin on poetry.’ Poetics Today. 21:2 (Summer). 379-391.
  8. Felluga, Dino. (2005). The Perversity of Poetry: Romantic Ideology and the Popular Male Poet of Genius. New York: State University of New York Press.
  9. Fleck, P.D. (1975). ‘Romance in Byron's ‘The Island’.’ Byron: A Symposium. Ed. John Jump. New York: Barnes and Noble. 163-183.
  10. Franklin, Caroline. (1992). Byron’s Heroines. Oxford University Press.
  11. Frye, Northrope. (1957). The Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  12. Fulford, Tim and Peter J. Kitson (eds.). (1998). Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  13. Fulford, Tim. (2003). ‘Poetic hells and Pacific Edens.’ Romanticism on the Net Issues 32-33, Accessed November 2003-February 2004 http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/2003/v/n32-33/009259ar.html
  14. Knight, Wilson. (1953). Lord Byron: Christian Virtues. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  15. Leask, Nigel. (1992). British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  16. Labbe, Jacqueline M. (2000). The Romantic Paradox: Love, Violence, and the Uses of Romance 1760-1830. Macmillan Press.
  17. Mackusick, John. (1992). ‘The Politics of language in Byron’s The Island.’ ELH 59: 839-56.
  18. Makdisi, Saree. (1998). Romantic Imperialism: Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  19. McGann, Jerome. (1989). Towards a Literature of Knowledge. Oxford University Press.
  20. More, Paul Elmer. (1905). The Complete Poetical Works of Lord Byron. Cambridge edition. Houghton.
  21. Oliver, Susan. (2005). Scott, Byron and the Poetics of Cultural Encounter. Basingstoke. Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan.
  22. Prothero, Rowland E. (1966). Lord Byron: Letters and Journals. New York: Octagon.
  23. Spence, Gordon. (1996). ‘Byron's polynesian fantasy.’ The Byron Journal. No.24. 42-51.
  24. Stabler, Jane. (2002).Byron, Poetics and History. London: Cambridge University Press.
  25. Tierney-Hynes, Rebecca. (2007). ‘Hume, romance and the unruly imagination.’ Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. Vol. 47. Iss. 3. Available on Questia.com
  26. Watkins, Daniel P. (1985). ‘Byron and the poetics of revolution.’ Keats-Shelley Journal. Vol. 34. 95-130.
  27. Wesling, Donald. (2004). Bakhtin and the Social Moorings of Poetry. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.